Salesforce SOQL Logical Operators | AND, OR and NOT Operators in SOQL

In Salesforce, when we execute the SOQL queries, we define conditions to filter records based on specific criteria. In SOQL, we have logical operators such as AND, OR, and NOT, which help us to create complex filter conditions in SOQL queries. Using these operators in the SOQL queries is efficient, so that it returns only what is required.

In this Salesforce tutorial, we will learn about the Salesforce logical operators, AND, OR, and NOT Operators in SOQL. With the help of examples, we will discuss their execution in Salesforce SOQL queries.

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Logical Operators in Salesforce SOQL

Logical operators in Salesforce SOQL are used in the WHERE clause to combine multiple filter conditions. They filter the conditions to include or exclude records in the query results. Logical operators allow for complex filtering logic by specifying whether all, any, or none of the conditions must be met. The logical operators used in SOQL are:

AND – Ensures all combined conditions in the query are true.
OR – This operator ensures that at least one of the conditions is true.
NOT – Excludes records that match a specified condition in the query.

AND Logical Operator in SOQL

In Salesforce SOQL queries, the AND operator ensures that all conditions must be true for a record to match the criteria. When we combine the conditions using the AND operator, only the records that satisfy each defined condition will be selected.

Let’s understand the use case of an AND operator by executing an SOQL query to retrieve accounts where the billing city is New York, with an annual revenue greater than $1,00,000.

SELECT Name, AnnualRevenue, BillingCity 
FROM Account 
WHERE BillingCity = 'New York' 
AND AnnualRevenue > 100000

After executing the above query, it only returned that record in which both conditions, ‘Billing City’ = New York and the AnnualRevenue > 100000, were true.

OR Logical Operator in SOQL

In Salesforce SOQL queries, the OR operator retrieves the records that meet at least one of the conditions to match the criteria. When we define two or more conditions in a query using the OR operator, it will return the records if they match any of the conditions.

Let’s understand it with the help of an example, where we will retrieve opportunities that are either in the “Prospecting” stage OR have a probability greater than 50%. In the output, we will find the records that satisfy either of the defined conditions.

SELECT Name, StageName, Probability 
FROM Opportunity 
WHERE StageName = 'Prospecting' 
OR Probability > 50
LIMIT 10

Output:

Logical OR operator in Salesforce SOQL query

As we can see, the SOQL query has retrieved the opportunities either in the Prospecting stage or have a Probability of more than 50.

NOT Operator in Salesforce SOQL

In Salesforce SOQL, the NOT operator is used in the query to exclude records that meet a specific condition.

In the example below, we will execute an SOQL query to retrieve leads not located in New York.

In the output, we can see that the query fetched all the lead records where the city is not New York.

Combining the AND, OR, and NULL Operators

In the example below, we will combine all the logical operators (AND, OR, and NULL) to create more complex condition filters in an SOQL query.

In this SOQL query, we will retrieve contacts who are in California AND have the title of “Manager” OR those who are not in California but are associated with an account that has an annual revenue greater than $1,00,000.

SOQL query:

SELECT Name, Title, Customer_State__c, Account.AnnualRevenue 
FROM Contact 
WHERE (Customer_State__c = 'California' AND Title = 'Manager') 
OR (Customer_State__c != 'California' AND Account.AnnualRevenue > 1000000)

Output:

Logical operators in Salesforce SOQL query

This way, we can use the logical operators (AND, OR, and NOT) in Salesforce SOQL queries.

Conclusion

In this Salesforce tutorial, we have learned the logical operators AND, OR, and NOT with their use-case examples. Logical operators in Salesforce SOQL make it easy to filter records based on multiple conditions.

With AND, you can combine strict conditions, OR allows flexibility, and NOT lets you exclude specific results. By the above syntax, you can use logical operators and write SOQL queries efficiently.