To display a toast notification in a Lightning Web Component (LWC), import ShowToastEvent from lightning/platformShowToastEvent and dispatch it with a title, message and variant: this.dispatchEvent(new ShowToastEvent({ title: 'Success', message: 'Record saved', variant: 'success' })). The variant (success, error, warning or info) sets the colour and icon, and the mode decides whether the toast closes by itself.
I deployed a component with one button per toast type to a Salesforce Developer Edition org and captured every toast it produced, including a sticky toast with a link and the newer lightning/toast module. I also timed how long each mode stays on screen.